Discovering an economical system to separate the bitumen from the sand was a challenge that occupied scientists and entrepreneurs throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Pdf heavy oil and bitumen petroleum systems in alberta and. Bitumen, dense, highly viscous, petroleum based hydrocarbon that is found in deposits such as oil sands and pitch lakes natural bitumen or is obtained as a residue of the distillation of crude oil refined bitumen. Geochemical studies 4 physical and chemical properties of. Both are sold to refineries for conversion into final products. Bitumen bitumen is oil that is too heavy or thick to flow on its own. Distribution of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. The chemistry of alberta oil sands, bitumens and heavy oil. The composition of bitumen and the nature of their various individual components has been the subject of considerable research during the past two decades. Structure and mineralogy of hydrophilic and biwettable sub. To optimize sagd wellpair placement and improve thermal recovery operations, geochemical bitumen composition logs are used to identify barriers and baffles to fluid flow, which may compartmentalize mcmurray formation reservoirs in the athabasca oil sands.
Some bitumen is found within 70 metres 200 ft from the surface but the majority is deeper underground. The oil sands, also known as tar sands, contain a mixture of sand, water, and oily bitumen. In this chapter we give an integrated overview of the oil sands bitumen composition, its effects on bitumen. The athabasca tar sands represent a potential petroleum resource in excess of 10 11 bb1 oil and thus form one of the worlds major deposits of petroleum. This book is an important educational tool for anyone in the petroleum industrywhether upstream, downstream, or pipelinewho would like to learn the fundamentals of the most commonly known unconventional oils. Specific gravity, viscosity at three temperatures and an elemental chons analysis were carried out on the clean bitumen, with 25 trace elements determined on 14 samples. Appropriate for graduate students and practicing engineers, this handbook defines the fluid properties of bitumen, identifies the components of bitumen, and introduces cracking reactions driven by temperature and catalytic reactions with hydrogen gas for upgrading bitumen and heavy oil fractions. What makes bitumen different from regular or conventional oil.
Oil sands properties the samples are loose sands held together by bitumen from shallow depth around 300m. The oil sands, also known as tar sands, contain a mixture of sand, water and oily bitumen. Crude bitumen production mined and in situ totaled about 2. This new addition to the parafuel family is configured to measure composition and other key properties from grab samples, cores or inprocess at an upgrading. Nor is the cutthroat competition among global oil producers, refiners, shippers, and speculators, in which nickels per barrel. The most commonly known unconventional oils oil sands, heavy oil, and bitumen are. The composition of oil sands oil sands albertas energy heritage.
Albertas oil sands proven reserves equal about 165. The tar sands region of alberta, canada is the third largest petroleum reserve in the world. Heavy oil and tar sand heavy oil and tar sand tar sands. Read unlimited books and audiobooks on the web, ipad, iphone and android. Similarly as in the case of their chemical composition, the effects of many. Trace element composition of athabasca tar sands and. Mar 11, 2015 appropriate for graduate students and practicing engineers, this handbook defines the fluid properties of bitumen, identifies the components of bitumen, and introduces cracking reactions driven by temperature and catalytic reactions with hydrogen gas for upgrading bitumen and heavy oil fractions. Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil pica pica press. In some areas, particularly in the united states, bitumen is often called asphalt, though that name is almost universally used for the roadpaving material made from a mixture of gravel, sand, and other fillers in a bituminous binder.
The exact composition of albertas oil sands can vary greatly, even within the same geological formation. The chemical composition of bitumen is a mixture of various hydrocarbons with molecules of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. The oil sands are composed of a series of quartz sand deposits impregnated with varying amounts of heavy, highly viscous bitumen. What is diluted bitumen and is it more dangerous than. The typical composition of the product is 58% by weight of bitumen, 27% by weight of mineral matter, and 15% by weight of water. Once it is extracted from the sands, bitumen can be upgraded into crude oil and then refined into common petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene or gas oil. Trace element composition of athabasca tar sands and extracted. Us20150083645a1 composition for recovering bitumen from oil. Nor is the cutthroat competition among global oil producers, refiners, shippers, and speculators, in which nickels per barrel of oil delivered are fought over fiercely. Bitumen is a kind of crude oil found in natural oil sands depositsits the heaviest crude oil used today. Conventional crude oil is a liquid that can be pumped from underground deposits. An improved composition for recovering bitumen from oil sands is used in the traditional hot water extraction process.
Heavy oil, extraheavy oil and bitumen, make up about 70% of the worlds total oil resources of 9 to trillion bbl. The tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions. This new book is an important educational tool for anyone in the petroleum industrywhether upstream, downstream, or pipelinewho would like to learn the fundamentals of the most commonly known unconventional oils. Ospw organics are persistent and acutely toxic, and a leading remediation strate. Photodegradation of bitumenderived organics in oil sands. Oil sands geology and the properties of bitumen oil sands. It is shown that, for a clean isolation, it is necessary to subject the columnchromatographyseparated crude saturates to molecular distillation followed by a silver ion chromatography step. Openpit mining methods can be employed where thick deposits occur near the surface. Oil sands, tar sands, crude bitumen, or bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit. Water is added to oil sands and the mixture is ballmilled. Each plant maybe set up differently due to different compositions of bitumen extracted.
The second half of the book delves into the technical details of separation processes, thermal cracking and coking, residue hydroconversion, hydrotreating reactions, hydrogen production, and gas. Jul 31, 2012 this new book is an important educational tool for anyone in the petroleum industrywhether upstream, downstream, or pipelinewho would like to learn the fundamentals of the most commonly known unconventional oils. The bitumen in tar sands can be recovered by surface mining. The chemical composition of watersoluble organics in oil sands processaffected water ospw is primarily composed of natural constituents of bitumen that are solubilized and concentrated during aqueous extraction of oil sands. The chemistry of alberta oil sands, bitumens and heavy oils. The nature and composition of tar sands pose a specific challenge to its economic viability. The tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen and heavy oil fractions are extensive. Influence of oil sands composition on bitumen quality during. Oil sands are sometimes referred to as tar sands or bituminous sands. Canadian oil sand bitumen separation and transformation with. A number of projects are back on the books, and some new projects have. The parafuel oil sands analyzer was developed to meet these analysis needs. Jun 26, 2012 bitumen is a kind of crude oil found in natural oil sands depositsits the heaviest crude oil used today.
Nor is the dirty chemical composition of tar sands oil sands bitumen. The authors concluded that the bitumen from the athabasca oil sands produced weak evidence of carcinogenic potential, but was consistent with conventional petroleum derived bitumen. Bitumen is a primary component of asphalt used in road construction. Compositional analysis of oil sands is a critical part in a financially successful bitumen mining operation. The chemistry of alberta oil sands, bitumens and heavy oil book. Characterization of various bitumen samples from tar sands. Heavy oil, oil sands, bitumen, petroleum publisher calgary. Strausz department of chemistry university of alberta elizabeth m. Highlighting heavy oil joao john felix shawn taylor. The sands are deposited on an irregular surface of limestone or shale and are generally overlain with overburden, varying in thickness from 0 to 2,000 ft. Pure bitumen is a colloid dispersion of microscopic asphalt particles dispersion phase. Reference 6 an evaluation of the dermal carcinogenic potential of bitumen from the cold lake oil sands was conducted.
Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil by murray r. Banerjee 20121016 unlike conventional oil resources, unconventional oil resources have been known to exist only for the last few decades and are available in limited areas of the world. The international bitumen company opens the first commercial oil sands hot water. This video visualizes the simple core process steps needed to upgrade canadian oil sand bitumen totally different. Directorate general for national export development. According to log data, it is estimated that average porosity of oil sands is 35. Jan 25, 2021 nor is the dirty chemical composition of tar sands oil sands bitumen.
The oil sands or tar sands as they are sometimes inaccurately referred to, are a mixture of sand, water, clay and a type of oil called bitumen. The composition and distribution of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes sara fractions in the bituminous layer on the surface of athabasca oil sands were identified using elemental analysis ea, xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps, field emission scanning electron microscopy sem with an energydispersive spectrometer eds, and fourier transform infrared spectrometry ftir. This book recognizes the economic potential of the bitumen and heavy oil. What will the death of keystone xl mean for canada.
The deposits consist of sandstones impregnated with a viscous heavy bitumen similar to a very heavy petroleum. Presented is an account of the bulk and molecular composition of the saturate fraction of athabasca bitumen. Heavy oil and oil sand petroleum systems in alberta and beyond pp. Pdf an overview of oil sand tar sand extraction and processing.
A ph builder is added and following mixing primary and secondary froths are recovered. The elemental composition of athabasca oil sand bitumen is provided in table 12. The present invention provides a composition and method for separating bitumen from oil sands deposits. Waterwet sands maintain a rim of water around grains.
The composition of oil sands oil sands albertas energy. Albertas oil exports face ocean of trouble the good men. This means despite suncor, cenovus, and canadian natural resources existing oil sands operations being. The tables of data on composition, yield, and behaviour of oilsands bitumen. Us7628909b2 composition and process for the extraction of. The chemistry of alberta oil sands, bitumens and heavy oils otto p. Bitumen is one of the heaviest components of crude petroleum and is often found mixed with sand and other sediment, giving rise to the name oil sands. Tar sands also known as oil sands are a mixture of mostly sand, clay, water, and a thick, molasseslike substance called bitumen. Thanks to innovation and technology we can recover oil from the oil sands, providing energy security for the future. Though the focus is on bitumen from albertas oilsandsthe largest resource in the worldthe science applies to upgrading of heavy oil and petroleum residue feeds worldwide. Bitumen is made of hydrocarbonsthe same molecules in liquid oil and is used to produce gasoline and other petroleum products. It must be diluted, heated, or otherwise treated to be transported.
Novel mineralogical quantitative phase analysis methodology applied to canadian. Inspire a love of reading with amazon book box for kids. The term pen grade is short for penetration grade, and reflects the fact that this type of product is often classified in europe and parts of asia using the penetration test. The fatal flaw of albertas oil expansion national observer. Bitumen, asphalt, tar, what is bitumen, description of bitumen. The economics of oil sand processing are determined by. Conclusions from a workshop on tar sands are discussed. Upon field ionization mass spectrometry fims analysis, the molecular distribution of the. The invention includes a chemical composition having organic chemicals that can be used to stimulate the separation of one or more constituent components from oil sands.
Various modes of extraction of bitumen from oil sands such as heat, extreme mechanical force, chemical agents and solvents could significantly affect some properties of bitumen. In grain size analysis, the sample is well sorted with a diameter of about 0. Oil sands are either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with bitumen, a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum. Earthmoving equipment is used to strip and stockpile the topsoil, remove and dispose of the overburden, and excavate the tar sand. Albertas oil sands has the third largest oil reserves in the world, after venezuela and saudi arabia.
Oil sands oil sands are a natural mixture of sand, water and bitumen. A typical oil sands deposit contains about 10% bitumen, 5% water and 85% solids. Djpen sebagai direktorat jenderal yang berfungsi merumuskan kebijakan di bidang pengembangan dan promosi ekspor, melaksanakan kebijakan di bidang pengembangan dan promosi ekspor, menyusun norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria di bidang pengembangan dan promosi ekspor. Read upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil online by murray. Hydrocarbons present in bitumen are mostly condensed naphthene and aromatic rings with the small number of side paraffin chains. The spherical agglomeration process resembles the sandreduction process. Definition of heavy oil and natural bitumen conference. An aliquot of a solvent mixture is mixed with bitumen ore and water. Estimated resources of unconventional oil heavy oil. Oct 28, 2020 bitumen is also a term used to refer to oil sands, or partially consolidated sandstone containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, saturated with a dense and extremely. The vast majority of bitumen used in asphalt for road construction is conven tional bitumen. The recovery efficiency of surface mining tar sands is.
Conventional oil 30% heavy 15% oil sands and bitumen 30% extraheavy oil 25% total world oil reserves geological setting of one of the worlds largest deposits of heavy oil. The athabasca oil sands representing about 80% of canadas bitumen reserves also happens to be the only one shallow enough to lend itself to surface mining, which, as we will see, is the primary method for removing oil sands. Canadas oil sands are the largest deposit of crude oil on the planet. Beginning with a thorough grounding in the composition, fluid properties, reaction behaviour, and economics of bitumen and heavy oil, murray gray then delves. Oil sand is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, water and bitumen.
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